Odayi be-Cationic bangodayi abakhethekile bokudaya i-polyacrylonitrile fiber, futhi bangasetshenziselwa ukudaya i-polyester eguquliwe (CDP).Namuhla, ngizokwabelana ngolwazi oluyisisekelo lwamadayi we-cationic.
Ukubuka konke kodayi be-cationic
1. Umlando
Odayi be-Cationic bangomunye wodayi bokuqala bokwenziwa abakhiqizwa.I-aniline violet eyakhiwe yi-WHPerkin e-United States ngo-1856 kanye ne-crystal violet eyalandela kanye nohlaza lwe-malachite wonke amadayi we-cationic.Laba bodayi phambilini babaziwa ngokuthi odayi abayisisekelo, abangadaya imicu yamaprotheni nemicu ye-cellulose ephathwa nge-tannin ne-tartar.Zinemibala egqamile, kodwa azisheshi, futhi kamuva zathuthukiswa ngamadayi aqondile namadayi e-vat.kanye namadayi e-asidi.
Ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zemicu ye-acrylic ngawo-1950, kwatholakala ukuthi emiculweni ye-polyacrylonitrile, odayi be-cationic abagcini nje ngokuba nokuqondisa okuphakeme nombala ogqamile, kodwa futhi banokushesha kombala okuphakeme kakhulu kunemicu yamaprotheni kanye nemicu ye-cellulose.vusa isithakazelo sabantu.Ukuze uqhubeke uzivumelanisa nokusetshenziswa kwemicu ye-acrylic neminye imicu yokwenziwa, izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha ezinokushesha okuphezulu ziye zahlanganiswa, njengesakhiwo se-polymethine, isakhiwo se-polymethine esifakwe esikhundleni se-nitrogen nesakhiwo se-pernalactam, njll., ukuze odayi be-cationic babe i-polyacrylonitrile.Ikilasi lodayi abakhulu bokudaya ngefayibha.
2. Izici:
Odayi be-Cationic bakhiqiza ama-ion anombala anombala omuhle esixazululweni, bese benza usawoti one-asidi anion njenge-chloride ion, iqembu le-acetate, iqembu le-phosphate, iqembu le-methyl sulfate, njll., ngaleyo ndlela kudaya imicu ye-polyacrylonitrile.Ekudayeni kwangempela, odayi abaningi be-cationic bavame ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha umbala othize.Kodwa-ke, ukudaya okuxubile kodayi be-cationic kuvame ukuba nzima ukudaya ngokulinganayo ekukhanyeni kombala ofanayo, okuholela ekufakweni kwamabala kanye nezingqimba.Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni odayi be-cationic, ngaphezu kokwandisa ukuhlukahluka nobuningi, kufanele futhi sinake ukuhambisana kwezinhlobonhlobo zedayi;ukuze sigweme ukudaya, kufanele sinake izinhlobo ezikhulayo ezinezinga elihle, futhi sinake ukuthuthukisa ukushesha kwesitimu kodayi be-cationic.nokushesha okukhanyayo.
Okwesibili, ukuhlukaniswa kwamadayi we-cationic
Iqembu elifakwe kahle ku-molecule yedayi ye-cationic ixhunywe nesistimu ehlanganisiwe ngendlela ethile, bese yenza usawoti neqembu le-anionic.Ngokwesimo seqembu elikhokhiswe kahle ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe, odayi be-cationic bangahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: abahlukanisiwe nabahlanganisiwe.
1. Odayi be-cationic abangabodwa
Isandulela sikadayi we-cationic esihlukanisayo kanye neqembu elifakwe kahle lixhunywe ngeqembu elizihlukanisayo, futhi ukukhokhiswa okuhle kwenziwa kwasendaweni, okufana nokwethulwa kweqembu le-quaternary ammonium ekugcineni kwamangqamuzana odayi abahlakazayo.Ingamelwa yifomula elandelayo:
Ngenxa yokugxila kwezindleko ezinhle, kulula ukuhlanganisa nemicu, futhi iphesenti lokudaya kanye nezinga lokudaya liphezulu kakhulu, kodwa izinga liphansi.Ngokuvamile, umthunzi umnyama, i-molar absorbance iphansi, futhi umthunzi awunamandla ngokwanele, kodwa unokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu nokushesha kokukhanya, nokushesha okuphezulu.Ivame ukusetshenziswa ekudayeni imibala emaphakathi nekhanyayo.Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile yilezi:
2. Odayi be-cationic abahlanganisiwe
Iqembu elikhokhiswa kahle ledayi ye-cationic ehlanganisiwe ixhunywe ngokuqondile ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lwedayi, futhi ukukhokhiswa okuhle kukhishwa indawo.Umbala walolu hlobo lukadayi ukhanya kakhulu futhi ukumuncwa kwe-molar kuphezulu, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zinokushesha okumpofu kokukhanya nokumelana nokushisa.Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe, uhlobo oluhlanganisiwe lubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-90%.Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zodayi be-cationic abahlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi i-triarylmethane, i-oxazine kanye nezakhiwo ze-polymethine.
3. Odayi abasha be-cationic
1. Ukufuduka odayi be-cationic
Okubizwa ngokuthi odayi be-cationic abafudukayo babhekisela ekilasini lamadayi anesakhiwo esilula, isisindo esincane samangqamuzana kanye nevolumu yamangqamuzana, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-diffusivity nokusebenza kokulinganisa, manje osekuyisigaba esikhulu samadayi we-cationic.Izinzuzo zayo zimi kanje:
Inezindawo ezinhle zokufuduka nokubeka izinga, futhi ayinakho ukukhetha emicu ye-acrylic.Ingasetshenziswa kumamaki ahlukene wemicu ye-acrylic futhi ixazulule kangcono inkinga yokudaya okufanayo kwemicu ye-acrylic.Inani le-retarder lincane (kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-3% kuya ku-0.1 kuya ku-0.5%), futhi kungenzeka ukudaya umbala owodwa ngaphandle kokwengeza i-retarder, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kunganciphisa izindleko zokudaya.Ingenza inqubo yokudaya ibe lula futhi ifinyeze kakhulu isikhathi sokudaya kusuka (imizuzu engama-45 kuye kwengama-90 kuye kwayi-10 kuye kwengama-25).
2. Odayi be-Conic bokulungiswa:
Ukuze uvumelane nokudaywa kwemicu yokwenziwa eguquliwe, inqwaba yodayi be-cationic yahlolwa futhi yahlanganiswa.Lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo zifanele imicu ye-polyester eguquliwe.Okuphuzi ikakhulukazi odayi be-methine abahlanganisiwe, obomvu odayi be-azo abasuselwa ku-triazole noma abasuselwe ku-thiazole kanye nodayi be-azo abahlukanisayo, kanti oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka odayi be-azo abasuselwa ku-thiazole nodayi be-azo.Odayi be-oxazine.
3. Hlakaza odayi be-cationic:
Ukuze uvumelane nokudaywa kwemicu yokwenziwa eguquliwe, inqwaba yodayi be-cationic yahlolwa futhi yahlanganiswa.Lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo zifanele imicu ye-polyester eguquliwe.Okuphuzi ikakhulukazi odayi be-methine abahlanganisiwe, obomvu odayi be-azo abasuselwa ku-triazole noma abasuselwe ku-thiazole kanye nodayi be-azo abahlukanisayo, kanti oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka odayi be-azo abasuselwa ku-thiazole nodayi be-azo.Odayi be-oxazine.
4. Odayi be-cationic abasebenzayo:
Odayi be-cationic abasebenzayo bayikilasi elisha lodayi be-cationic.Ngemuva kokuthi iqembu elisebenzayo lingeniswe ku-molecule yedayi ehlanganisiwe noma eyedwa, lolu hlobo lwedayi lunikezwa izakhiwo ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi ku-fiber ehlanganisiwe, alugcini nje ngokugcina umbala ogqamile, kodwa futhi lungadaya izinhlobonhlobo zemicu.
Okwesine, izakhiwo zamadayi e-cationic
1. Ukunyibilika:
Amaqembu e-alkyl kanye ne-anionic enza usawoti ku-molecule yedayi ye-cationic achazwe ngenhla ukuze athinte ukunyibilika kwedayi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona izinhlanganisela ze-anionic endaweni yokudaya, njengama-anionic surfactants nama-anionic dyes, azophinde ahlangane namadayi we-cationic ukuze akhe ama-precipitates.Uboya/i-nitrile, i-polyester/i-nitrile nezinye izindwangu ezihlanganisiwe azikwazi ukudaywa kubhavu ofanayo namadayi avamile we-cationic ne-asidi, odayi abasebenzayo nabahlakazayo, ngaphandle kwalokho imvula izokwenzeka.Ama-anti-precipitation agents ngokuvamile ayengezwa ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezinjalo.
2. Ukuzwela ku-pH:
Ngokuvamile, odayi be-cationic bazinzile ebangeni le-pH lika-2.5 kuya ku-5.5.Uma inani le-pH liphansi, iqembu le-amino ku-molecule kadayi likhishwa nge-protonated, futhi iqembu elinikela nge-electron liguqulwa libe yiqembu lokuhoxisa i-electron, okwenza umbala wedayi ushintshe;Imvula, ukushintsha kombala, noma ukufiphala kodayi kwenzeka.Isibonelo, odayi be-oxazine baguqulwa babe odayi abangewona ama-cationic endaweni ye-alkaline, elahlekelwa ukuhlobana kwabo kwe-acrylic fibers futhi ayikwazi ukudaywa.
3. Ukuhambisana:
Odayi be-cationic banokuhlobene okukhulu kwamafayili e-acrylic, futhi abahambisani kahle nokufuduka kumafayibha, okwenza kube nzima ukukala udayi.Odayi abahlukene banokuhlobene okuhlukile kwefayibha efanayo, futhi amazinga abo okusabalalisa ngaphakathi kwefayibha nawo ahlukile.Lapho odayi abanezilinganiso ezihluke kakhulu zokudaya behlanganiswa ndawonye, ukushintsha kombala kanye nokudaya okungalingani kungase kwenzeke phakathi nenqubo yokudaya.Lapho amadayi anamazinga afanayo exutshwe, isilinganiso sawo sokugxila ekugezeni udayi ngokuyisisekelo asishintshile, ukuze umbala womkhiqizo uhlale uhambisana futhi ukudaya kufana kakhulu.Ukusebenza kwalokhu kuhlanganiswa kodayi kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhambisana kwamadayi.
Ukuze kube lula ukusetshenziswa, abantu basebenzisa amanani ezinombolo ukuveza ukuhambisana kodayi, abavame ukuvezwa njengenani lika-K.Kusetshenziswa isethi eyodwa yodayi abajwayelekile abaphuzi nabaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isethi ngayinye yakhiwe odayi abahlanu abanezilinganiso ezihlukene zokudaya, futhi kunamanani amahlanu ahambisanayo (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), kanye nenani lokuhambisana likadayi. ngenani elikhulu lokudaya Okuncane, ukufuduka kanye nezinga ledayi limpofu, futhi idayi enezinga elincane lokudaya inenani elikhulu lokuhambisana, futhi ukufuduka kanye nokulingana kwedayi kungcono.Udayi ozohlolwa kanye nodayi ojwayelekile udaywa ngamunye ngamunye, bese umphumela wokudaya uyahlolwa ukuze kutholwe inani lokuhambisana likadayi ozohlolwa.
Kunobudlelwane obuthile phakathi kwevelu yokuhambisana yodayi kanye nezakhiwo zabo zamangqamuzana.Amaqembu e-Hydrophobic angeniswa kuma-molecule kadayi, ukuncibilika kwamanzi kuncipha, ukuhlangana kwedayi ku-fiber kuyanda, izinga lokudaya liyakhuphuka, inani lokuhambisana liyehla, ukufuduka kanye nezinga ku-fiber kwehla, futhi ukutholakala kombala kuyanda.Amanye amaqembu ku-molecule kadayi adala izithiyo ze-steric ngenxa yokucushwa kwejiyomethri, okunciphisa futhi ukuhambisana kwedayi kumafayibha futhi kwandise inani lokuhambisana.
4. Ukukhanya okulula:
Ukushesha kokukhanya kodayi kuhlobene nesakhiwo samangqamuzana.Iqembu le-cationic ku-molecule yedayi ye-cationic ehlanganisiwe iyingxenye ebucayi kakhulu.Isebenza kalula ukusuka endaweni yeqembu le-cationic ngemva kokwenziwa ngamandla okukhanya, bese idluliselwa kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-chromophore, okubangela ukuthi ichithwe futhi iphele.I-conjugated triarylmethane Ukushesha ukukhanya kwe-oxazine, i-polymethine ne-oxazine akukuhle.Iqembu le-cationic ku-molecule yedayi ye-cationic ehlukanisiwe ihlukaniswa nesistimu ehlanganisiwe yiqembu elixhumanisayo.Ngisho noma icushiwe ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla okukhanya, akulula ukudlulisa amandla ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lombala, ukuze lugcinwe kahle.Ukushesha kokukhanya kungcono kunohlobo oluhlanganisiwe.
5. Ukufunda okunwetshiwe: Izindwangu ze-Cationic
Indwangu ye-Cationic iyindwangu ye-polyester engu-100%, elukwe ngezinto ezingasetshenzisiwe ezimbili ezihlukene ze-polyester, kodwa iqukethe i-polyester fiber eguquliwe.Le fibre ye-polyester eguquliwe kanye ne-polyester fiber evamile inemibala ehlukahlukene futhi idayiwe kabili.Umbala, ukudaya kwe-polyester yesikhathi esisodwa, ukudaya kwesikhathi esisodwa kwe-cationic, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa intambo ye-cationic ohlangothini lwe-warp, kanye nentambo ye-polyester evamile ohlangothini lwe-weft.Kusetshenziswa odayi ababili abahlukene uma kudayiwa: odayi abajwayelekile abahlakaza imicu ye-polyester, nodayi be-cationic bezintambo ze-cationic (owaziwa nangokuthi odayi be-cationic).I-Disperse cationic dyes ingasetshenziswa), umphumela wendwangu uzoba nomphumela wemibala emibili.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-21-2022